Drilling liquid (drilling mud) is used to aid drilling of oil wells, natural gas wells, exploration wells (wildcat wells) or water wells. Ultrasonic reactors are an effective technology for emulsifying blending, dispersing and degassing water-based mud (WBM, aqueous), oil-based mud (OBM, non-aqueous) or mud-based synthetic (SBM ).
The formulation and the persistence of the quality of drilling sludge is a key factor in drilling operations today. The mud composition and characteristics affect well-drilled stability, lubrication, cooling and drilling penetration rate. Even small problems with the puncture fluid can stop the whole drilling operation. Derivatives from too dense or too heavy drilling mud excessive pressure can cause significant leakage.
It allowed it to be generally made of fresh water, sea water, or (saturated or formiated) brine and natural clay and polymers. OBM and SBM Inverti-emulsion systems that have an oil base (diesel, mineral oil) or synthetic base (olefins and paraffins) such as continuous (external) and brine as the dispersed phase (internal). The emulsion must be sufficiently stable to withstand the addition of the water flow from the well. Less common than water in oil (Inverted oil sludge emulsion) are oil in water (oil emulsion sludges). Ultrasonic faecemulsification works for both types of emulsion and achieves good internal stability, water, or brine.
Ultrasonic reactors are very effective and intense cavitation cutting mixers for use in production. Generally, ultrasonic reactors are used inline for high throughput single step transformation or batch processing recirculated.
Ultrasonic can mixing for
Manufacture of additives
Masterbatch with high concentration to prepare
Mix ready-to-use drilling fluids or packer fluids
Degas drilling sludge
Develop and formulate better sludge drilling
Production of drilling mud additives The manufacture of chemicals and additives such as liquid polymer sludge benefits from high-capacity processing and ultrasonic cutting flexibility. Ultrasonic mixing unleashes all the potential of additives, such as viscosifiers, filter reducers or polymer additives. Ultrasonic cavitation moisturizes powders quickly and completely during drilling mud mixing. For mixing liquid / liquid emulsions, It improves in-line mixing of the two phases in the intense cavitation cutting zone.
Ultrasonic mixing improves the mass transfer to particles in liquids or boundary layers. This reduces the time needed to prepare the brine or brine, eg. calcium chloride brine, calcium bromide brine, zinc bromide brine or brine of potassium formate and cesium.
Masterbatches of clay or additives
Mixing ultrasonic cutting can be used to make high concentrations or high density compounds (eg calcium carbonate (plaster), deflocculents or saprophagous organisms) before adding these to the final drilling mud formulation.
Production of Fluids and Packers Fluid Drilling
Drilling mud performance, such as shrinkage stability, viscosity, cooling or lubrication, depends on many factors. Uniformity and consistency in quality of the utmost importance. Ultrasonic cutting mixing is very effective in the production of uniform size distribution distributions and therefore better dispersion and emulsion stability. This prevents phase separation or settling during storage, transport, or while mud wells.
Today specific mud drilling changes frequently. Hielscher ultrasonic reactors are highly adaptable to changes in the perforation liquid formulation. By changing from a traditional mixing line to single-pass mixing ultrasonic mixing, several types of perforating mud can be made on the same ultrasonic machine. This helps reduce storage time for inventory and shelf.
The dispersion of conventional clay (eg bentonite) and organofile clay specially treated in the fluid produces sludges and highly viscous, thixotropic or trimming-thinning gel. When exposed to high ultrasonic cutting, the viscosity drops to a flow-free state. This facilitates dispersion and manipulation. For this reason, sonication is very effective for mixing thixotropic sewage and fluidizing the cutting. Sonification results in better dispersion of bentonite / platelet particles and improved gelling characteristics. Ultrasonic dispersion of bentonite (performed with ultrasonic mixer UIP2000hdT)
Rheological, thickening and stabilizing agents (eg gums, glycols, carboxymethylcellulose, polyanionic cellulose (PAC) or starch) require good dispersion for maximum effectiveness.
Agents, such as weight barite (baritine) sulfite, must not separate from mud during storage, transport or perforation. In accordance with Stokes law, smaller particles of sediment slower or not at all. Dispersion ultrasound avoids larger agglomerates, which can cause dispersion instability. A dispersing system can increase the tolerance for solids, making it possible to weigh up to 20 pounds / gallon (US) or 2.4 g / cm 3 .
Degassing of mud
When preparing sludge drilling, clay powder and other additive powders introduce a lot of air into the circulation mud. This gas is trapped inside liquid systems and can cause loss and separation of emulsifying or stabilizing performance. Repeated compression (high pressure cycles) and rarefaction (low pressure cycles) during sonication allow decomposed gas to migrate and form small microbubbles. Ultrasonic waves then force the coalescence gas microbubbles. Ultrasonic high cavitation cutting reduces thinning cut viscosity and thixotropic drilling fluids. This way the air bubbles rise faster. This leads to the best separation of gas in reservoirs downstream of the separator or degassing under vacuum. Degassing increases mud weight, reduces viscosity and separation problems. Less gas bubbles reduce the use of emulsifiers, stabilizers, surfactants and dispersing agents. This reduces the cost per barrel. A reduction in gas content can curb aerobic microbial growth, too.
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