At the beginning of its use by humans, mainly came from oil deposits on the surface. Already in the ancient times it was used as a source of energy in the form of bitumen for waterproofing (including boats), and even as medicine.
In the Middle Ages , the Byzantines and the Venetians have made homemade bombs filled with terra-cotta oil and saltpetre that were formidable weapons (the " Greek fire ", which were a nightmare for sailors).
However, at that time, the use of oil is still relatively localized. Only the surface deposits are exploited. Applications of oil remain marginal.
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